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The Arena (magazine)
''The Arena'' was a liberal literary and political magazine published by Arena Publishing Co. in Boston, Massachusetts. It was founded by Benjamin Orange Flower in 1889〔Smith, Susan Harris and Dawson, Melanie, Editors. (''The American 1890s: A Cultural Reader'' ) Duke University Press (2000), p. 273. Retrieved July 29, 2013〕 and existed for twenty years. Though it had a circulation of more than 30,000 at one point, it was rarely profitable. The final issue was published in August 1909.〔(''The Arena'' ) Spartacus Educational. Retrieved July 29, 2013〕
The magazine advocated social reform, featuring articles about poverty, slums, sweatshops, child labor, and other social problems.〔 It published work by writers such as Upton Sinclair, Stephen Crane〔Wertheim, Stanley. ''A Stephen Crane Encyclopedia'', Westport, CT: Greenwood Press (1997), p. 109.〕 and Hamlin Garland. A section of Garland's ''Main-Travelled Roads'' first appeared in ''The Arena''.〔Pizer, Donald. ''Hamlin Garland, Prairie Radical: Writings from the 1890s''. Chicago: University of Illinois Press (2010), p. 14 ISBN 978-0252035098〕 ''The Arena'' later employed investigative journalists and became known as a muckraker. The magazine published articles on socialism and was supportive of efforts to organize workers into trade unions. It favored literature that supported the poor and powerless.〔
== References ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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